Wednesday, March 10, 2010

Christo and Jeanne-Claude (and a tribute to Nathan Jordan)

Christo and Jeanne-Claude, The Surrounded Islands. 1980-1983, 6.5 million square feet of pink woven polypropylene fabric and eleven islands in Biscayne Bay.

With my lack of posting for three months, some of you might have the notion that I have died. No– but my brother has. Earlier this year Nathan Jordan passed away two months before his twenty-eighth birthday.

He was my best friend as well as my brother, and being only two years younger than me we grew up together. I was probably closer to him than anyone else alive. His death (along with other stressful events that I have experienced as of late) has driven me into a deep depression recently, hence the lack of new blog entries. But that will change soon.

Nathan is in a better place now, and that's all that really matters; rather than mope around about how much you miss the dead, it's far less self-defeating to celebrate the memories you have of them. So I'll briefly discuss Nathan's merits as an art critic.

He had an introspective mind, he liked art a lot, and he was about ten times the smart ass I will ever be. When I took my first art history class, we discussed the work above, Christo's Surrounded Islands. I later told my brother about it. "Yeah, there was this guy who wrapped a bunch of islands off the coast of Miami in pink fabric just so he could take aerial photos of them." Laughing, his reply was, "Are you serious?! What an idiot!"

Now, when I write I try to make myself sound smart, like I really know what I'm talking about, even when I don't. But it's amazing how my little brother was able to sum up in three words what it often takes me ten paragraphs to say. But there are a few other facets to the wrapping of these islands.

These are indeed eleven islands in Biscayne Bay, situated between Miami, North Miami, the Village of Miami Shores and Miami Beach. (Those are four distinct municipalities.) And these islands are not so much wrapped as they are covered– the fabric you see here extends two hundred feet from each shore. There was a lot of work involved in making each fabric covering fit its island perfectly, as well as picking up forty tons of debris from the islands, consulting engineers, builders, and scientists, and, of course, obtaining the necessary permits. They needed the permission of the governor, the county commission, the Department of Environmental Regulation, and the United States Army. It's really no wonder that this work took nearly four years to complete. Financing was taken care of through the sale of preliminary drawings and lithographs of the islands, and the sale of aerial photographs afterwards proved very profitable.

Christo, who was born in Bulgaria, and Jeanne-Claude, a Frenchwoman who passed away last November at the age of 74, were a married couple who redefined site-specific art by wrapping islands and large landmarks throughout the world with huge amounts of polyester fabric. Here are some of their other works:

Christo and Jeanne-Claude, The Wrapped Pont-Neuf. 1985, 430,000 square feet of sand-colored polyamide fabric and one four hundred year old bridge.

It took nine years for the duo to convince Jacques Chirac, the then mayor of Paris, to let them wrap the city's oldest bridge. But he finally conceded, and one month later it was covered in gauzy diaphanous cloth. Three million people visited it in the two weeks that it was wrapped.

Christo and Jeanne-Claude, The Wrapped Reichstag. 1994, over a million square feet of fireproof polypropylene fabric, nine miles of rope, and one German Parliament building.

This work obviously took a lot of convincing. There was a letter writing campaign to each of the 662 members of the Bundestag, followed by a heated 70 minute debate that allowed the project to commence. The wrapping took only a week in this case, and the building was wrapped for two; but in those two weeks the work received five million visitors.

Christo and Jeanne-Claude were hippies, so they did everything they could to ensure that the environmental impact of their works was minimized. A whole team of biologists oversaw the creation of Surrounded Islands in order to protect the mammals, birds and fish who lived there. But I'm just going to say what everybody else is thinking: What do you do with six and a half million square feet of pink polyester after it's worn out its original use?

If Christo and Jeanne-Claude tried to assign any sort of deep-rooted philosophical meaning to these works, it would be extremely ridiculous. But they didn't. They contended that the purpose of their art was no thing more than to create joy by creating new ways of seeing familiar landscapes. Which in my opinion is kinda neat. So sorry, Nathan. I think you were wrong on this one.

21 comments:

  1. The "Herb & Dorothy" documentary film on "Independent Lens" included some comments from Christo and Jeanne-Claude about the collectors. They were charming and among the greatest salesmen on earth, I think.

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  2. I'm so sorry. ((((Hugs))))

    This was a great tribute to your brother. I think I have to agree with you both on Christo--on one hand, it is really neat. On the other hand, what's the point?

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  3. hello Nicole,
    I wanted only to share some love with you...

    A great sympathy hug from Ioannina, Greece, you are still a great sister to him.

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  4. It must be difficult to deal with the loss of your brother at such a young age. I'm pleased to see your return to your blog again, as you give us a variety of subjects to consider with strong opinions of your own to share.


    Speculating on your queston of what is done with all that wrapping, I imagine the polyester was cut up into varying sizes, framed, priced accordingly, and sold, like all things Christo-Jean-Claude, as souvenirs.

    I have two friends that worked on the teams of helpers which Christo and Jean-Claude would have organized for each project. They did enjoy the experience, not that they got to hang out or even meet with the artists. And now they brag about having worked with a celebrity artist. That is their joy to have.

    I guess those who witnessed the events remember them like they do the first time they went to the circus - a bit of temporary awe and a warm, fuzzy feeling about human ingenuity. But a new way of seeing familiar landscapes? My neighbor's yard looks like a Christo when he wraps his fig trees for the winter. I suggest visiting Hoover Dam.

    I couldn't be bothered to go see it when "The Gates" came to Central Park in 2005. I could see in in The New York Times, the local news, and eventually the catalog "On the Way to The Gates" which someone gave me as a Christmas present. (His company was a sponsor and they had more catalogs than anyone wanted.) I was content with seeing the event in this way. Seeing the installations as documentation is what we are left with anyway.

    I guess we should consider Christo and Jean Claude's activity as performance art, the chief talent showcased being salesmanship as Terry pointed out in a previous comment. There's not much of an aesthetic statement in the events, any more than pretty clouds in the sky for a minute. But if you wrote about what you think that aesthetic statement might be I would be interested in reading your reply.

    Personally I think it is a huge expense and an enormous amount of time wasted to get the approvals for the sites, involving governments which should have better things to do. Why not just let Christo make the drawings of what could have been, like a fanciful architect whose buildings cannot be realized because they lack practicality and permanence?

    Oh, but Christo thinks his choice in making temporary art is courageous. Christo's bravado about making art that does not exist which you have quoted rings hollow to me with all the documentation that has been cranked out by the duo. If they were really courageous there would be no hype or record on the artists' part. There would just be a big party for all who cared to show up. Memories.

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  5. Very sad to hear you tell of your brother's death. That's a heavy blow to absorb.

    I too have to agree with you contra your brother on Christo - I think his stuff looks neat. Don't think there's more to it than that. He's an impresario of spectacles for the masses - not a bad thing as he does it.

    As for his comment:

    I think it takes much greater courage to create things to be gone than to create things that will remain.

    Here, I think your brothers remark is quite apt. What an idiot!

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  6. I'm sorry to hear of your loss. My mother died about three months ago - I know how hard it is to deal with grief. For me, thinking about art history has been kind of therapeutic in dealing with my mom's death. I don't know if the same will happen for you, but I hope you find a good way to handle the pain and loss. Anyhow, I'm sure that your brother would love this tribute.

    And I agree with you - I think Christo and Jean Claude are neat. I know that I have reconsidered landscapes and spaces that they have wrapped - it adds a fresh perspective to something already familiar.

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  7. good idea, making diferent

    greeting from indonesia

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  8. You do realize that Christo's art has killed people, right?

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  9. No Chris, I did not know that. And thank you for sharing. That was an accident, but very tragic nonetheless. I'm sure that precautions could have been taken to avoid that person's death. But then again it's not the sort of thing that one tends to foresee.

    And I'm very surprised I had never heard that story before, seeing as it happened in 1991.

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  10. My thinking is that's what happens when you let an artist do an engineer's job.

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  11. I love Christo and Jeanne-Claude work and the fact that they have overcome governements and red tape to display their work for a moment in time and then have their work recycled is even topping on the rapped cake. May you always have your brother with you as I my have mother with me.

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  12. I'm very sorry for your lost.
    I was in Paris in 1985 and saw the bridge.
    Hope you recover from your mourning. Time...

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  13. The process of bringing disparate communities together, who may rarely agree on any issue, let alone art, to discuss and agree upon the creation of a monumental contemporary artwork, in my opinion, is the more important part of their work. This process continues in a different manner during the brief life of the works. How often do you see complete strangers in New York City stopping on the sidewalk to discuss an artwork? While in Germany, the focus was on a fresh start (newly unwrapped package) for the German people and the history of this building in a post-Hitler era. And, of course, the conversation continues on today as we now discuss and interpret artworks that no longer exist.

    Chris, the loss of life is tragic, but I wanted to point out that the works are designed, tested and installed by engineers and professionals. They do not allow any volunteers to work on these projects. For example, "The possibility that a sudden wind might lift an umbrella seemed remote, they said, since the umbrellas had been tested in a wind tunnel to withstand gusts of 65 miles an hour when opened."

    Nic, sorry for your loss.

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  14. Hi Nicole, I've been thinking about you, and came the other day to see if you were blogging again. I don't know if you get emails when there's a comment but I hope you're okay and doing good things. Katy x

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  15. Thank you Katy... I haven't updated this blog in a while, I know, but people still read it and comment on it, so I still respond to their comments. I've been doing a lot of good things- I began my first museum fellowship last summer, and it's wonderful but is taking up a lot of my time. I have been having to write so much professionally and for school that I haven't had time to write for pleasure. Since March anyway... I will someday pick back up on this blog.

    I have been reading yours, and I especially liked your recent post on Louise Bourgeois, who is one of my very favorites. I can't believe she didn't live to 100. And you really remind me of how wonderful London is. I haven't been there in years, but it's still my favorite city in the world! You know where to email me if you ever want to chat. I think it's very flattering that so many people like this blog, and I hope I'm not letting anyone down.

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  16. Nice post, thanks for sharing this wonderful and useful information with us.

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  17. Ok... this is an interesting piece you have about the surrounded islands.
    I recently studied these islands in a class and i read a little something about the history of the Biscayne Bay Islands.

    Here's an extract from a paper published on the internet:

    "Dredging and filling in the early 1900s to create navigation channels and harbors in
    Biscayne Bay resulted in over twenty human-made spoil islands and two partially filled
    natural mangrove islands. Most of the islands are still under public ownership; however,
    eroding unconsolidated shorelines, tangled exotic vegetation, and debris build-up have
    discouraged use and limited habitat for birds and marine life. Further, the continual
    erosion of the island soils contributes to water quality degradation of Biscayne Bay."

    Infact, the state of these islands was so bad and there was so much pollution around that people didn't even know about their existence! They were absolutely invisible in all the waste in the water.

    So when Christo and Jeanne-Claude proposed to make this installation, they hosted a huge project of cleaning up the waters of Biscayne Bay, and that is a huge contribution to the environment.

    What i feel is that whether intentionally or otherwise, the duo really spread a message through their installation that this is what we can do, and this is what its gonna look like if take care of our environment.

    I think they did a great job.
    Hats off to them!

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  18. Hey, I'm sorry for your brother's loss. I am actually writing my thesis on Christo and Jeanne-Claude and I understand your point of view, which is shared by many other people. I won't discuss mine because it's irrelevant whether I like their work or not. I just wanted to point out that their work is completely eco-friendly and that after they remove all of the fabric, they have it shred to make recycled clothing and stuffing (for pillows and such). Metals are melted down and transformed into other objects as well. The aluminum from The Gates became soda cans :)

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  19. Their wraps have never moved me but their drapes and hangings--Running Fence, Valley Curtain, Central Parks--I've always found joyous and thrilling.

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